The concept of modern art refers to works of art produced during the period between the 1860s and the 1970s, which utilize the styles and philosophies of art created during that time. At its core, modern art was part of a broader cultural structure that emerged during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, encompassing literature, visual arts, music, philosophy, politics, architecture, and social issues [1] [3].

Modern art often showcased themes related to childhood, featuring the mischief and playful nature of children [2]. It was characterized by experimentation, abstraction, and a focus on subjective experience [3].

In terms of design, modernism in architecture emphasized simplicity and functionality, often eliminating unnecessary elements [7]. Similarly, modern art was known for its flexibility and uniqueness, allowing for the creative expression of individual personalities [6].

It's important to note that the definition of modern art in Indonesian language has its own complex history, due to the lack of a direct translation for the concept of art in English [5].

In summary, modern art is a broad term that refers to the artistic movements and works produced during the modern era, characterized by experimentation, abstraction, and a focus on subjective experience, as well as simplicity and functionality in design.